Introduction Ancient Indian literature offers profound insights into the relationship between women and nature. Epics and classical texts such as the Ramayana, Mahabharata, Upanishads, and Puranas portray women as custodians of wisdom, morality, and ecological harmony. Characters like Sita, Draupadi, and Shakuntala symbolize the inseparable bond between humanity and nature, reflecting values of sustainability, balance, and justice. The concepts of Prakriti (nature) and Purusha (consciousness) further establish femininity as an embodiment of natural forces, emphasizing the essential role of women in maintaining ecological balance. Through these narratives, the paper demonstrates how ancient wisdom continues to remain relevant in addressing present-day concerns related to environmental ethics and gender equality. Literature Review Previous studies on ancient Indian literature have primarily focused on its philosophical, spiritual, and ethical dimensions, while its ecological perspective has received comparatively less attention. Scholars such as Vandana Shiva have connected traditional ecological knowledge with sustainable development through ecofeminist perspectives, whereas Devdutt Pattanaik has highlighted Sita's relationship with nature as a symbol of resilience and transformation. Although many researchers have examined women's representation in ancient texts, only a few have explored it through the combined lens of environmental ethics and ecofeminism. This study seeks to bridge that gap by connecting traditional literary narratives with contemporary discussions on sustainability and gender justice. Methodology The study adopts a qualitative analytical approach based on textual analysis of primary literary sources, including the Ramayana, Mahabharata, Abhijnanasakuntalam, Upanishads, and Puranas. It also incorporates secondary sources from contemporary ecofeminist scholarship to establish a comparative framework. The analysis focuses on recurring themes, symbolism, character portrayals, and narrative structures that associate women with natural elements, allowing for an interdisciplinary interpretation of literature, ecology, and gender studies. Results and Discussion The analysis reveals that ancient Indian literature consistently portrays women as custodians of natural wisdom and ecological balance. Sita's close relationship with the Earth and the forests represents resilience, sustainability, and humanity's dependence on nature. Shakuntala's upbringing in a forest hermitage symbolizes purity and harmony with the environment, while her transition to urban civilization reflects the growing disconnect between humans and nature. Draupadi, born from fire, embodies justice, renewal, and the consequences of disturbing social and ecological balance. Together, these narratives demonstrate that respecting women and respecting nature are interconnected values essential for sustaining both society and the environment. Ecofeminism and Ancient Wisdom The literary portrayal of women as protectors of nature aligns closely with the principles of ecofeminism, which argues that gender oppression and environmental degradation are interconnected. Traditional Indian knowledge systems emphasize sustainable living, respect for all forms of life, and harmonious coexistence with nature. Thinkers such as Vandana Shiva have drawn upon these ancient ecological perspectives to advocate for environmental conservation and social justice. These narratives demonstrate that ancient Indian literature anticipated many principles that are central to modern ecofeminist thought. Environmental Ethics Ancient Indian texts emphasize environmental ethics through concepts such as Dharma, sustainable resource management, conservation, and Ahimsa (non-violence). Works like the Arthashastra advocate responsible agriculture and resource conservation, while the Bhagavata Purana promotes compassion toward all living beings. These teachings encourage ethical coexistence between humans and nature and continue to provide valuable guidance for contemporary environmental policies and sustainable development practices. Conclusion The study concludes that women in ancient Indian literature are represented not only as nurturers and symbols of wisdom but also as guardians of ecological justice and environmental sustainability. Their narratives emphasize the importance of ethical living, gender equality, and respect for nature as interconnected principles. The paper suggests that future research can further explore the influence of these ancient ideas on modern environmental policymaking and gender-inclusive development, as well as compare Indian ecofeminist traditions with those of other cultures to gain broader insights into the universal relationship between women and nature. Works Cited Vaman Shivram Apte – The Student's Sanskrit-English Dictionary Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni – The Palace of Illusions Kalidasa – Abhijnanasakuntalam Devdutt Pattanaik – Sita: An Illustrated Retelling of the Ramayana S. Radhakrishnan – The Principal Upanishads Vandana Shiva – Staying Alive: Women, Ecology, and Development